Flow Chart with advantages and disadvantages in C Language:-

    A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process. The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.

 Flow charts are used in analyzing , designing , documenting or managing a process or program in various fields. Like other types of diagrams , they help visualize what is going on and thereby help understand a process , and perhaps also find less-obvious features within the process.

 There are several applications and visual programming languages that use flow charts to represent and execute programs.Generally these are used as teaching tools for beginner students. Many software packages exist that can create flowcharts automatically , either directly from a programming language source code , or from a flowchart description language. It is just a pictorial representation of an algorithm. It uses different shapes to denote different types of instructions.  

 The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) set standards for flowcharts and their symbols in the 1960. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted the ANSI symbols in 1970.The current standard was revised in 1985. Generally, flowcharts flow from top to bottom and left to right.

ANSI/ISO Shape	Name	Description
	Flow line (Arrowhead)	Shows the process's order of operation. A line coming from one symbol and pointing at another.Arrowheads are added if the flow is not the standard top-to-bottom, left-to right.
	Terminal	Indicates the beginning and ending of a program or sub-process. Represented as a stadium,[ oval or rounded (fillet) rectangle. They usually contain the word "Start" or "End", or another phrase signaling the start or end of a process, such as "submit inquiry" or "receive product".
	Process	Represents a set of operations that changes value, form, or location of data. Represented as a rectangle.
	Decision	Shows a conditional operation that determines which one of the two paths the program will take. The operation is commonly a yes/no question or true/false test. Represented as a diamond (rhombus).
	Input/Output	Indicates the process of inputting and outputting data, as in entering data or displaying results. Represented as a parallelogram.
	Annotation (Comment)	Indicating additional information about a step the program. Represented as an open rectangle with a dashed or solid line connecting it to the corresponding symbol in the flowchart.
	Predefined Process	Shows named process which is defined elsewhere. Represented as a rectangle with double-struck vertical edges.
	On-page Connector	Pairs of labeled connectors replace long or confusing lines on a flowchart page. Represented by a small circle with a letter inside.
	Off-page Connector	A labeled connector for use when the target is on another page. Represented as a home plate-shaped pentagon.

An example of flow chart:-

                                                                                                                                                          

   

Moreover , since a flowchart shows the flow of operation in pictorial form , a programmer can detect any error in the logic with greater ease than in the case of a program. Experianced programmer , sometimes , write programs without drawing a flowchart. However , beginners should first draw a flowchart to reduce the number of errors and omissions in a program. The use of different boxes having standarrised meanings makes it easier to communicate program logic through flowcharts. 

* Flowchart is of generally four types:-

            

• Document flowcharts:- showing controls over a document-flow through a system.
• Data flowcharts:---       showing controls over a data-flow in a system.
• System flowcharts:-     showing controls at a physical or resource level.
• Program flowchart:-     showing the controls in a program within a system.

       *    There are many advantages of flow charts , which are as follows:-

 i>   It is a pictorial representation of a program. Therefore , it is easier for a programmer to explain the logic of a program to other through a flow chart.

ii>  With the use of flow chart we can effectively analysis the program.

iii>  Once a flow chart is ready , programmer find it very easy to write the corresponding program because the flow chart acts as a road map for them.

iv>  With flow chart the ultimate result is an error-free program developed at a faster rate.

v>  The flow chart often provides valuable documentation support.

vi>  A flow chart is very helpful in detecting , location and removing mistakes (bugs) in a program in a systematic manner because programmers find it easier to follow the logic of the program in flow chart form.

vii>  A flow chart is very helpful in designing test data for systematic testing of programs.

   

     *  In spite of  their many advantages , flow chart have the the following disadvantages :-

i> Flow charts are very time consuming and laborious to draw with proper symbols and spacing , especially for large complex program.

ii>  Because of the symbol-string nature of flow chart , any change or modification in program logic usually requires a completely new flow chart.

iii>  Redrawing a flow chart is very tedious task.

iv>  There are no standards determining the amount of detail that should be included in a flow chart.

v>  Sometimes , the program logic is quite complicated , in that case , flow chat becomes complex and clumsy.

vi>  As the flow chart symbols cannot be typed , reproductions of flow chat becomes a problem.

vi>  It is just a visualization of a program , it cannot function like an actual program.

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