Skip to main content

Fragmentation In Operating System

  As processes are loaded and removed from memory during allocation of memory, the free memory space is broken into little pieces. After sometimes a process cannot allocate memory due to various small leftover space. This occurance is called fragmentation. At this condition there is many small and unused holes scattered throughout memory. Therefore we can say when many of the free blocks are too small to satisfy any request.

Memory fragmentation is of two types :-
 i> Internam Fragmentation.
ii> External Fragmentation.


 i> Internam Fragmentation :- It is a type of memory fregmentation. Internal fragmentation is the space, which wasted inside of allocated memory blocks because of restriction on the allowed sizes of allocated blocks only. Allocated memory may be slightly larger than the requested memory. This size difference is memory internal to a partition, but never being used.



ii> External Fragmentation :- It is a type of memory fragmentation. External fragmentation exists when there is enough total memory space to satisfy a request but the available spaces are not contiguous.The memory is fragmented into a large number of small holes.  If all these small pieces of hole were in one large hole, we might be able to run several more processes. In the worst case, we could have a block of free  memory between every two processes.Depending on the total amount of memory storage and the average process size, external fragmentation may be a minor or a major problem.





One solution to the problem of external fragmentation is compaction. The goal is to shuffle the memory contents so as to place all free memory together in one large block or hole. Compaction is not always possible, It is possible only if relocation is dynamic and is done at execution time.The simplest compaction algorithm is to move all processes toward one end of memory and all holes move in the other direction, producing one large hole of available memory.



There are many differences between Internam and External fragmentation as follows :-


     

Share, Follow and please comment if you find anything incorrect or to share more information about the topic discussed above.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Process Scheduling And Types of Process Schedular :-

        ⇰ PROCESS SCHEDULING Process Scheduling  is a task  of Operating System that schedules processes of different states like new, ready, waiting, terminated  and running.This scheduling helps in allocation of CPU time for each process, and Operating System allocates the CPU time for each procss. And the process scheduling plays important role to keep the CPU busy all the time.  ⏩   Followings are some objectives of Process Scheduling :-  i > To increase the amount of users within acceptable response times.  ii > To maintain the balance between response and utilization of system. iii > To decrease the enforce priorities and  give reference to the processes holding the key resources.      ⇰  PROCESS SCHEDULAR A scheduler carries out the pro cess scheduling work. Schedulers are often implemented so they keep all computer resources busy and  allows multiple users to share system resources  to achieve  multiprogramming .  There are  mainy three types of pro

Tokens and its types in 'C'

   Tokens are the smallest individual unit of a program or in simple words it is a main part of C program.Tokens are the building blocks of any program. The smallest individual and basic unit of a C programming is called c tokens.      *    Normally there are six types of tokens in C:- i> Keywords:-          Keywords are special words that are used to give a special meaning to the program and can't be used as variable and constant.They are basically a sequence of characters that have fixed to mean. For example:-                 auto     double      long     break                 float    short        char     if                while    continue   int       void etc. All keywords must be written in lower case.It is 32 in number. ii> Identifiers:-         The identifiers are basically a token. It can be a variable's name or a label's name. So identifiers are actually a user defined data. But there are certain rules to frame an identifier. They are as follo

Micromax 'The Indian Smart Phone Company'

Micromax  is an Indian  consumer electronics  company headquartered in  Gurgaon ,  Haryana . It was established as an  IT   Software  company operating in the  Embedded Devices   Domain . It later entered the  Mobile   Handset  business. Micromax was incorporated as Micromax Informatics Ltd. on 29 March 2000 by Zeeshan Ali Zaidi. It began selling mobile telephones in 2008,  focusing on  low pricing to compete with international brands. By 2010, Micromax was one of the largest domestic companies making handsets in the low-cost feature phone segment in India. As of Q3 2014, Micromax is the  Tenth Largest   Smart phone  vendor in the world. The company is facing stiff competition from Chinese companies that are penetrating the Indian market. The company also owns  YU Televentures , which sells its products under the brand name YU. The company has also introduced handsets with innovative features. For instance, Micromax's co-founder  Rahul Sharma  once saw a  public call