Skip to main content

Languages in computer


                 LANGUAGES

 * Low level language:-
          Low level language is machine dependent language. This language is the machine codes in which the instructions are given in machine language in the form of 0 and 1 to a computer system.the main function of low level language is to operate , manage and manipulate the hardware and system components.
   Low level language is divided into two parts:-
            i> Machine language
            ii> Assembly language
 i>  Machine language:-
            It is one of the low level language which is the first generation language developed for communication with a computer. It is written in machine code which represents 0 and 1 binary digits inside the computer string which makes it easy to understand and perform the operations.
       The main advantage of using machine language is that there is no need of translator or interpreter to translate the code, as the computer directly can understand.
  but there are some disadvantages also like you have to remember the operational codes, memory address every time you write a program and also hard to find errors in a written program. It is a machine dependent and can be used by a single type of computer.

 As we know a computer system can recognize electric signals so here 0 stands for turning off electric pulse and 1 stands for turning on electronic pulse.
ii> Assembly language:-
           It is the second generation programming language that has almost similar structure and set of commands as machine language. In this language instead of using numbers  here we use words or names in English forms and also symbols.
     The programs written in assembly language are converted to machine language using as Assembler. Because computer only understands machine code languages.
The main disadvantage of this language is that it is written only for a single type of CPU and does not run on any other CPU. But its speed makes it the most used low level language till today.
* High level language:-
         High level languages are instructions written in English  like language . High level languages deal with variables, arrays, and complex arithmetics or boolean expression instead of codes.
 These languages brought computers to the step of the common man. These languages are easier to use. A program written in a high level  language can be executed on other computers without making any changes to the codes because this language is not machine dependent.
  High level languages require a translator may be an interpreter and compilor that help to understand. High level languages are third generation language.
* Assemblers:-
      An assembler is a software program that converts an assembly language into machine language program. It takes the basic commands and operations from assembly code and converts them into binary code.
* Compiler:-
        Compiler is a software program or set of programs that converts an entire program written in a high level language into machine language program. A compiler goes through the entire program and check syntax. If it finds any errors, the error is reported to the user along with line numbers. Otherwise if the program is error  free, then the complete program will be translated to machine language and stored in a separate file.
* Interpreters:-
        An interpreter is a software program that converts a program written in a high level language into machine language program line-by-line. The each line is converted and executed immediately if it is error free. Only after execution of one line, will it proceed to the next. If interpreting is stopped.It is slower than the compiler.
* Decompiler:-
      A program that translates from a low level language to a higher level is called decompiler.
Location: Shastri Nagar Road, Madhubani, Purnea, Bihar 854301, India

Comments

  1. Priy Ranjan24 November 2018 at 09:27

    please comment , share , and subscribe for more important topics.

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Please comment.

Popular posts from this blog

Process Scheduling And Types of Process Schedular :-

        ⇰ PROCESS SCHEDULING Process Scheduling  is a task  of Operating System that schedules processes of different states like new, ready, waiting, terminated  and running.This scheduling helps in allocation of CPU time for each process, and Operating System allocates the CPU time for each procss. And the process scheduling plays important role to keep the CPU busy all the time.  ⏩   Followings are some objectives of Process Scheduling :-  i > To increase the amount of users within acceptable response times.  ii > To maintain the balance between response and utilization of system. iii > To decrease the enforce priorities and  give reference to the processes holding the key resources.      ⇰  PROCESS SCHEDULAR A scheduler carries out the pro cess scheduling work. Schedulers are often implemented so they keep all computer resources busy and  allows multiple users to share system resources  to achieve  multiprogramming .  There are  mainy three types of pro
8 comments
Read more

Process & Its state And process control block :-

                ⇰  PROCESS :- A process can be thought of as a program in execution. Means when any program is executed it becomes process. A processwill need certain resources such as CPU time , memory, files and I/O devices to complete its task. These resources are allocated to the process either when it is created or at the time of execution.             A process is the unit of work in most systems. A system consistes of a collection of processes. All these processes may execute concurrently. Traditionally a process contained only a single thread. Most modern operating ststems now supports processes that have multiple threads.         The operating system is responsible for several important works of process management as - the creation and deletion of process, the schrduling of process, communication and deadlock handling of process. Process is broudly divided into two types:-  i> System  Process. ii> User Process. Early computers allowed only one program be ex
Post a Comment
Read more

Semaphores In Process Synchronization

   ⇰  Semaphores :-   Semaphore is actually a method or tool to prevent race condition. Race condition can cause loss of data or even deadlock situation. For prevention from these conditions, the semaphore is one of the method.  Semaphore was proposed by Dijkstra in 1965. Simaphore    is a very significant technique to manage concurrent processes.  Semaphore is useful tool in the prevention of race condition. But the use of semaphore never means a guarantee that a program is free from these problems.     Semaphore is an integer variable which is used in mutual exclusive manner by various concurrent cooperative processes in order to acheive synchronization. Hence semaphore is one of the way to achieve synchronization.  Semaphore is basically  a variable which is non-negative and shared between threads. This variable is used to solve the critical section problem and to achieve process synchronization in the multiprocessing environment. Semaphore contains some operations as f
Post a Comment
Read more